Closed comedones, also called whiteheads, are a common skin condition characterized by small skin-colored bumps. Unlike blackheads, the pore is completely closed, trapping sebum, dead skin cells, and bacteria underneath the skin’s surface.

The causes of closed comedones include:

• Excess sebum production – When oil glands are overactive, excess sebum clogs pores. This provides a breeding ground for bacteria.
• Dead skin cell buildup – Dead skin cells that aren’t properly exfoliated can clump together and block pores.
• Hormones – Hormonal changes during puberty, menstruation, or pregnancy can increase oil production.
• Skincare products – Heavy creams, oils, and thick moisturizers can clog pores.

To treat closed comedones, options include:

• Over-the-counter retinoids – Help exfoliate dead skin and reduce oil production. Use sparingly to avoid irritation.
• Benzoyl peroxide or salicylic acid cleansers – Gently open and disinfect pores.
• Acid peels – Promote cellular turnover to clear pore blockages.
• Extractions – An esthetician can safely extract stubborn comedones using a tool. Don’t pick them yourself to avoid scarring.
• Prescription retinoids – For more severe cases, stronger retinoids like tretinoin may be prescribed.
• Laser treatments – Destroy oil glands, reducing future breakouts. Multiple sessions are usually needed.

With proper skincare and occasional professional treatments, closed comedones can be effectively controlled. But be patient, as results can take weeks or months.